能源经济大数据(英文版)

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Introduction
　　1.1 Overview of Research Progress in Energy Economics
　　1.1.1 History of Energy Economics
　　Throughout the history of human evolution， energy and development have been inextricably linked. Energy has been influencing economic growth and social wel？fare in different forms since the beginning of its involvement in production and life. Energy is also an essential driving force for economic and social development. As an important strategic resource and the basic industry， energy plays a very important role in promoting and guaranteeing the sustainable， rapid， and healthy development of society and the improvement of people’s life. Energy economics is a young science developed under this background. People’s perception of the development of energy economics can be roughly divided into three stages (Banks， 2012).
　　(a) Phase I: The supply of energy production is relatively abundant， and human beings use and consume natural resources in large quantities to achieve high development.
　　During the first industrial revolution in the mid-eighteenth century， mankind’s rapid economic growth was premised on the massive consumption of natural resources， mainly fossil energy. Western economics began to flourish from this moment， and the change from classical to neoclassical laid the foundation for the emergence of energy economics and the birth of fundamental ideas. From the beginning of the first industrial revolution to the 1830s and then to the second industrial revolution in the early twentieth century， the world’s population soared and the demand for resources increased. The opening of a new era of human electrification has led to the rapid development of global productivity. The main research task of energy economics in this phase is to achieve efficient production， conversion， and delivery of energy products to meet the material needs of a period of rapid economic development. Prior to the 1970s， there was a more optimistic attitude toward energy supply. Energy seemed to be an inexhaustible resource.
　　1.2 Phase n： The energy crisis broke out and problems such as energy shortage and resource waste were exposed.
　　From the 1970s to the early 1980s，the waste of resources caused by one-sided pursuit of economic development aroused people’s attention. Traditional economic views and economic development models can no longer solve the growing energy paradox. Equitable distribution and effective allocation of energy resources， energy efficiency improvement， and coordinated development of energy economy become more and more critical. The focus of research in energy economics is beginning to shift to the development of alternative and complementary relationships between different energy sources and the interrelationship between systematically integrated energy sources and the economy. In 1975，H. A. Merklein’s “Energy Economics” was published， which marked the formal emergence of energy economics as a new branch of economics (Merklein， 1977).
　　1.3 Phase 皿 The harmonization of economic growth， resource consumption， eco？logical imbalance， environmental degradation， and other external impact issues associated with energy development and utilization has raised concerns.
　　Since the mid-1980s， energy sustainability has become a central issue of research. More and more scholars are devoting their efforts to the issue of exter？nal diseconomy， such as energy and environment. The study of coordinated and sustainable development between energy， environment， and economic growth has become a current hot topic in energy economics. Econometric models and appli？cations on energy demand and supply， substitution between energy factors and other factors of production， and the relationship between energy and economic growth are being used more frequently. Some large-scale macroeconomic models on energy， environment， and economic growth have been established and widely adopted. Universities in many countries and regions are offering energy eco？nomics disciplines and energy economics courses. Energy economics is entering a booming phase.
　　In general， the three phases of energy economics show that people’s under？standing has gone through a process from shallow to deep， from local to global， from simple to complex， and from concrete to abstract. Energy economics is also developed and matured in the process of deepening people’s understanding.
　　1.1.2 Framework for Big Data in Energy Economics
　　Since the beginning of the twenty-first century， sustainable green use of energy has been widely promoted. Issues such as climate change and environmental pollution caused by the unreasonable development of energy have become the focus of the international community’s concerns. To achieve the organic coordination of energy development， economic growth， ecological balance， and environmental protection， people’s research focus has turned to the transformation of emerging technologies.
　　To fundamentally so