新高考英语真题全刷：基础2000题

作者简介

唐思峰，江西省骨干教师、南昌市英语学科带头人，英国雷丁大学访问学者，江西省南昌市第二中学英语教研组组长，所教学生在英语高考获得满分，并多次指导学生参加全国及省市各类比赛并荣获优异成绩。唐思峰老师对考试命题有深入研究，曾多次参加省市联考命题活动，主编或参编出版《指向核心素养培育的高中英语优秀课例精选》、《高中英语阅读训练》、《高考攻略》等书籍，其讲题思路清晰，深入简出、尤其是从命题的角度剖析试题引导考生把握规律，高效解题。

内容简介

第3章 阅读七选五  考试分析 01 阅读七选五考试能力分析 阅读七选五考查考生对文章整体结构和内容以及上下文逻辑关系的理解能力。它要求考生能够 根据文章的结构和内容，从七个选项中选择五个句子，使得这五个句子能够逻辑清晰、条理分明地 填入文章中相应的空白处，与上下文构成语义和逻辑通顺的完整段落。这就不仅要求考生具备扎实 的英语基础知识和语言运用能力，还要求考生具备较高的阅读理解、逻辑思维和推理能力。 02 阅读七选五考点分布情况 主要考查主旨类句子、拓展类句子和过渡类句子。本书分析了2017年至2024年的61套高考真题， 各类题目考查情况如下： 05101520253020242023202220212020201920182017 .............................. 03 体裁与题材 阅读七选五的体裁主要涉及说明文、议论文和记叙文这三种文体，其中说明文占比最高，议论 文次之，记叙文考查较少。说明文和议论文的问题结构比较清晰，适合考查主题句，过渡句以及拓 展文本中心的句子，从而考查学生对行文结构，脉络层次的综合分析能力。就题材而言，文章涵盖 人与自我、人与社会和人与自然三大主题，其中说明文主题涉及较广，如科学、技术、健康、社会 问题等；议论文主题通常涉及对某个观点的讨论或评价；记叙文则多关于个人经历、传记等。  3.1 解题关键 考点1：关键词 词汇复现 （1）同词复现：一个单词以同样的词形反复出现，或变换词性出现在后文。 （2）同义词复现和近义词复现：单词意义意思相同或相近。 （3）反义词复现：与前文中词义相反的单词在原文中出现。 （4）上义词复现和下义词复现：上义词是具有概括意义的词汇，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。 词汇同现 意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中。如restaurant, meal, table, order同时出现在某一段落，构成 了以就餐为话题的语义场。 代词的指代 为避免重复，用代词替代前文已出现的事物。常见的代词有人称代词和指示代词。 考点2：逻辑关系 （1）顺承关系或并列关系标志词：and, also, then, either … or, neither … nor, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, as well as, after that, besides, furthermore, when (this happens) （2）转折关系标志词：but, however, nevertheless, though,although, in fact（3）例证关系标志词：for example, for instance， take ... as an example（4）因果关系标志词：for, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, therefore, accordingly（5）对比关系标志词：as a contrast, on the contrary, on the one hand ... on the other hand（6）时间关系标志词：afterwards, at first, at last, to start with, in the meantime 考点3：设空位置 设空位置以段中句为主，段首和段尾一般各一句。 设空在段首通常考查的是段落主题句。注意通读其他段落的段首句，通过相似结构或相关内容进 行判断。 设空在段尾通常考查的是段落总结句。注意查找选项中表示结果或总结的标志词：so, therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word。 设空在段中通常考查的是拓展句或过渡句。注意解题时，将选项代入原文，结合关键词和逻辑关 系解题。 此外，考生还应关注设空句子是整句还是非整句，通过标点符号、句子结构、主从复合句等信息 确定选项。  3.2 题型设计 阅读七选五主要考查主旨类句子、拓展类句子和过渡类句子。解题时要综合考虑关键词、逻辑 关系和设空位置，以得出正确答案。 解题步骤 第一步：寻找选项中的关键词或关键信息，如名词、动词、代词、连接词等；分析每个选项前后可 能出现的信息，以及选项的句子功能，确定选项是主旨类句子、过渡类句子还是拓展类句子。 第二步：根据设空位置初步判断设空句是主旨类句子、过渡类句子还是拓展类句子。 第三步：结合文章主旨、段落主旨以及设空处前后的信息，依据关键词和逻辑关系解题；结合选项， 选择正确答案。 考点1：主旨类句子 主旨类句子概述段落或文章主旨，主题句常出现在段首，总结句往往出现在段末。 典例12021.6·浙江·31· Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. A. And that’s totally fine. B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it. C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby. D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world. E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million. F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away. G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away. 解析 考查主旨类句子。根据设空位置和关键词解题。 第一步寻找选项中的关键词：见选项画线词。 第二步确定设空处的句子类型：该空位于段尾，起归纳总结的作用，优先考虑表总结的主旨类句 子。G项中“In short”意为“总而言之”，起总结作用。 第三步结合设空处前后的信息确定答案：根据“loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum（他喜欢打开信箱查收来自罗马斗兽场等地方的彩色图片）”可知，内容 与明信片有关。G项“In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.（简言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方友人手写便签时的那种兴奋。）”符合语境。 G项中的“loves”属于同词复现。故选G。 典例22021·新高考II·38· Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter  heading, etc. This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run. A. Stop to have a rest now and then. B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book. C. This depends on the type of book you are reading. D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed. E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance. F. You may find yourself having to learn something by heart. G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy. 解析 考查主旨类句子。根据设空位置解题。 第一步寻找选项中的关键词：见选项画线词。 第二步确定设空处的句子类型：设空处位于段首，优先考虑段落主题句，起概括内容、点明中心 的作用。 第三步结合设空处前后的信息确定答案：空后句提到，看一下目录、前言、章节标题等。这将 帮助你决定你是需要读整本书还是只读其中的某部分。B项“Spend a few minutes looking through the book.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）”很好地概括了文段内容。空后句是对主旨句的详细阐释，且后 文中的“This”指代B项中的“looking through the book”。故选B。 考点2：拓展类句子 拓展类句子会体现上下文逻辑关系，往往位于段中。 典例32022·新高考I·39· My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 解析 考查拓展类句子。根据关键词解题。 第一步寻找选项中的关键词：见选项画线词。 第二步确定设空处的句子类型：判断设空处为拓展类句子。  第三步结合设空处前后的信息确定答案：空前两句提到，作者的健身伙伴发帖告知了她的健身方 式、时间、她的年龄，甚至还有最喜欢的运动和联系方式。G项中的“notice”属于同词复现，“such information”指代前文中提到的健身伙伴发布的具体信息。G项“Any notice for a training partner should include such information.（发给锻炼伙伴的任何通知都应包括这些信息。）”符合语境。故选G。 典例42020·全国III·36· A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents. A. This isn’t usual though. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 解析 考查拓展类句子。根据逻辑关系和关键词解题。 第一步寻找选项中的关键词：见选项画线词。 第二步确定设空处的句子类型：判断设空处为拓展类句子。 第三步结合设空处前后的信息确定答案：空前句“The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.（这个派对是朋友和家人祝贺乔迁的机会。）”和空后句“And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.（并且它是一个用爱和充满希望的 礼物填满新家的好时机。）”都在介绍乔迁派对的用意或作用。E项“It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.（这也有机会让人们看到新家的模样。）”与前后句衔接紧密，其中“also” 表示顺承关系，且“chance”属于同词复现。故选E。 考点3：过渡类句子 过渡类句子引入新的主题，既可能出现在段落首尾，也可能出现在段落中间，往往会有however 这类表示转折的信号词。 典例52019·全国III· In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic (逻辑) of each to their particular circumstance. A. That’s what they are for.  B. Turn to an online instructor for help. C. If more information is needed, they will ask. D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E. Below are some common do’s and don’ ts for online learners. F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 解析 考查过渡类句子。根据关键词解题。 第一步寻找选项中的关键词：见选项画线词。 第二步确定设空处的句子类型：判断设空处为过渡类句子。 第三步结合设空处前后的信息确定答案：空前句提到，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模 式是非常重要的。空后句“While I have only listed two of each”说，“我”列了两种情况。由此可知， 设空处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文继续谈论网络学习，并引出空后句提到的“two of each”。E 项“Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners.（以下是在线学习者的一些常见注意事 项。）”符合语境。故选E。 3.3 综合训练 说明文 Passage 1（2023·全国甲·） 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——如何成为更有耐心的人 建议用时：8分钟 Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer: 1126 . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ● Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 1127 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to  get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 1128 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● 1129 . So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 1130 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience Passage 2（2022·新高考I·） 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——健身伙伴 建议用时：8分钟 Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “ 1131 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. 1132 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 1133 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 1134 You and your partner will probably have different skills. 1135 Over time, both of you will benefit— your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.  A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. Passage 3（2018·全国II·） 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——晨练的益处 建议用时：8分钟 If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 1136 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. ● Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 1137 ● Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. 1138 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. ● 1139 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. ● 1140 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long. A. You will stick to your diet. B. Your quality of sleep improves. C. You prefer healthy food to fast food. D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E. You can keep your head clear for 4 -10 hours after exercise. F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day. G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!  Passage 4（2019·全国I·） 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——新鲜空气对身体的益处 建议用时：8分钟 Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” 1141 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good. 1142 If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles (肌肉) and your brain. Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing (治 愈). 1143 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood (情 绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 1144 It gives us a great feeling of peace. 1145 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. Passage 5（2021·北京·） 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——音乐利于身心健康 建议用时：9分钟 Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 1146 The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes. 1147 However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting (分 心) the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels. This, of course, can lead  《新高考英语真题全刷：基础2000题》所有试题皆精选自近几年全国卷、新高考卷、浙江卷、北京卷、江苏卷等真题试卷，收录了语法填空、阅读理解、阅读七选五、完形填空四个版块，共计2000余道高考真题。本书针对每个专项进行了考试分析，帮助学生更好地了解各专项的重难点，难度设计由易到难，逐渐深入，有很强的系统性、针对性、实用性，同时还设计了练习时长帮助学生提高解题速度和准确率。本书中基础题和中档题占比较高，适合巩固基础知识，可以让不同层次的学生都能找到适合自己的题目进行练习，从而熟练掌握高考考点，对重点知识做到心中有数。书中全部真题均配有免费视频讲解，学生刷题遇阻时可随时观看，方便其自己解决问题。本系列书力求让基础差的学生重拾学习英语的信心；让基础好的学生能更上一层楼，提高备考效率，最终实现成绩的提升。